Reading & Writing English: Words Ending In “D”
Posted by Essay Help on June 16, 2009The different sounds that the letter”d” takes at the end of a verb in the past tense
An extract from the book: Morpheme Power by the author of this article.
The English language indicates that the action of the verb is in the past by having any form of the “d” or “t” channel end the morpheme. We have any kind of “d” or “t” channel although the morpheme is almost always written with a “d”.
Many people who learn English are so confused by the irregular forms of the verbs that they give up and invent their own distance of referring to the past. Any have: “Yesterday I walk to activity” or other distance to avoid exploitation the past tense that they have never learned.
Careful, thither are irregular words in English. The past of instruct is taught; the past of buy is bought; the past of believe is cerebration. But even these irregular words end in any kind of a “t” channel to indicate that the verb refers to the past. Luckily, thither aren’t also many of these irregular verbs. You just have to learn them. The good abstraction is that they behave more or less the same artifact.
But let’s look at the regular verbs. Most English verbs are regular. To indicate the past, they put any kind of a channel made with the cape touching the back of the berth set. Almost always it is the channel of a “d” or of a “t”.
The ending of the verb “love” in the past: “I loved the movie” is real different from the ending of the verb “walk”: “I walked to activity.” When it sounds like the letter “d”, it is a sonant, that is the communication cords sound. When it sounds like a “t”, it is a inarticulate or an voiceless channel.
But how do you know when it should end with a spoken “d” channel and when with a inarticulate “t” channel? Although you may not believe it, thither is a “rule” that will help you to form the past of most English verbs. You may allay make any mistakes but little by little you will feel the mistakes and will correct them. The artifact of your mouth will force you to make the right channel.
The “rule” for the formation of the past is similar to the “rule” for the “s” at the end of plural nouns and verbs in the 3rd person singlular of the present tense.
The rule of the “d” in III parts:
Thither is a one simple “rule” that covers the pronunciation of the “d” and “t” sounds.
The channel that indicates the past of the verb is the inarticulate “t” channel when the verb ends in a surd. On the other hand, the indication of the past is the spoken “d” channel when the verb ends in a spoken consonant.
The III parts of the rule are:
1. the inarticulate “t” channel,
2. the spoken “d” channel,
3. the added syllable.
1. The inarticulate (voiceless) “t”:
The “rule” tells us when the last channel of a verb is is like that of the words talk, cap, mess, etc (that is, a inarticulate channel), the past of the verb ends with a inarticulate (or voiceless) channel like that of the morpheme walked. The past of these verbs is talked, capped, messed and the “d” is voiceless.
For example the letter “d” that represents the past in the written morpheme is pronounced like the “t” of Tomcat (a inarticulate channel) when the verb ends in a inarticulate channel. So when the verb ends in inarticulate sounds much as the letters k in the morpheme looked, p in the morpheme obstructed, f in the morpheme cuffed (or gh in the morpheme laughed) the past is indicated by the inarticulate “t” channel. This always happens so don’t be fooled by the written letter “d”.
The past tense of the verb is also indicated by a inarticulate channel when the verb ends in any “hissing” channel much as the words: face, clean, crunch. All these sounds are inarticulate so the verbs that end with them will always have the “d” of their past form measured voicelessly and hence become the forms faced, clean, crunched.
It is important to note that although the inarticulate “d” is written “ed”, you do NOT add a syllable to the original morpheme.
2. The spoken “d”:
The “d” is spoken in cardinal situations:
a. when the morpheme ends in a vowel channel much as, played, teed, owed, cued.
The “antic” vowels are also followed by a spoken “d” much as in the words: furred, papered, pawed. The past of verbs ending in a diphthong channel also end in a spoken “d” channel, for example in the words: plowed, paid, toyed .
b. when the morpheme ends in a spoken consonant.
Any examples of the 2nd case are: b as in the morpheme robbed, n in the morpheme drowned, l in the morpheme mailed, g in the morpheme logged, v in the morpheme heaved, m n the morpheme farmed, n as in the morpheme panned, thesoundof the letters ng as in the morpheme ring, r as in the morpheme cars, v as in the morpheme stoves, and anorexic the morpheme bathed.
Remember that that the spoken “d” channel forms the past of verbs that end in a spoken consonant, for example, burned is the past of the verb burn and lovedis the past of love.
It is important to note that although the spoken “d” in these words is written with “ed”, you do NOT add an extra syllable.
3. The added syllable
In both cases, when the verb ends in either the channel of the spoken “d” or the channel of the inarticulate “t”, the English language adds a syllable to the verb.
For example, the verbs in the present tense call, vote, broadside, need, plant, adopt, add “ed” to make the past tense and become visited, voted, sided, needed, planted, adopted.
The “ed” is pronounced with a primary vowel followed by a spoken “d”. The primary vowel is the “abbreviated i” which has the IPA symbolisation of the bantam capital “i”. We affect this channel in the book in the chapter on the abbreviated vowels. Remember a board is not a sheep. You have to be able to hear the difference to be able to consume this vowel in the added syllable.
It is only in this primary case that you pronounce the 2nd syllable of the past of a verb. Not all verbs have cardinal syllables in the past. It is important that you realize that most common English verbs have only one syllable. Do not believe that you have to pronounce the “ed” of the words much as walked, talked, played, adjusted, tooled. Do not read these words as they were written in your language.
Although many verbs have “ed” in their past, it is just a antic note of English spelling. You often only pronounce one syllable with the past indicated by a spoken “d” or an voiceless “t” according to which channel preceded the ending.
You only pronounce the “ed” when the root form of the verb ends with your cape touching the back of your set, either with a spoken “d” channel or with an voiceless “t” channel. For example, “Today, I heat the coffee but yesterday I heated it” (2 syllables because the last consonant is a “t”). But, “Today I talk to my friend but yesterday I talked on the phone.” (one syllable because the last consonant is not a “t” or a “d”)
The extra syllable: Listen to this as often as necessary for you to be able to distinguish the voiceless “t” from the spoken “d”.
Review and practice all parts of the “RULE”!
The first part of the “rule”: the inarticulate “t”;
The 2nd part of the “rule”: the spoken “d” :
The 3rd part of the “rule”: the added syllable